Top 10 Terrible Things That Could Happen If You Do Not Have a Will


'You're Not Worth It'
That's the message you leave your family
if you don't get a will. So stop stalling! 


Drawing up a will is the one task everyone hates. People drag their heels, cancel appointments and refuse to make basic decisions. Lawyers say it's not even uncommon for folks to have a will drafted but never show up to sign it.

If that sounds like you or someone you know, maybe it's time to consider the consequences of inaction. Older adults may have amassed considerable assets, but if they abdicate responsibility for estate planning and die without a will, they can leave grieving loved ones with a financial nightmare.

Exactly how bad could that nightmare be? Pretty bad, if you consider all the unintended places your assets could end up. So here's our list of the 10 Terrible Things That Could Happen If You Don't Have a Will.

10. All your money goes to the wrong person.
If you don't specify who inherits your assets, the state will. In New York, for example, half goes to the children and half goes to the surviving spouse. It doesn't matter if you happen to be in the middle of getting a divorce, says Anne K. Hilker, a partner with Dewey Ballantine, New York. "The law is still going to give your spouse that share," she says. Ditto for the son who has a drug problem, the spouse who gambles or the child who hasn't spoken to you in 15 years.

If you don't have any children, your spouse may end up sharing your assets with the in-laws. In Massachusetts, for example, your spouse gets the first $200,000 of your estate, with anything above that amount split evenly between your parents and spouse. Your brother and sister won't see a penny unless you have no spouse, no children and no parents still living.

9. Uncle Sam will become your beneficiary.
The state's one-size-fits-all will doesn't include any tax planning. Why should it? That means a larger-than-necessary share of the funds you intended for your heirs will probably end up in federal and state coffers.

Amounts can be substantial. If there isn't a spouse, for example, the federal estate tax on a $2 million estate would be $569,500, explains Doron M. Tisser, a Calabasas, Calif., estate-planning attorney. There are a dozen or so commonly used techniques that could reduce that estate-tax bill. With proper planning, the amounts could easily be cut in half, or perhaps eliminated, he says.

8. Your business could go to people who can't stand each other.
Once the state formula is applied, your assets may be divided in strange ways, Mr. Tisser says. Your second wife may find herself sharing the family business with the kids from your first marriage. Or the family factory may end up being divided equally among children who have unequal business smarts and lots of opposing opinions.

"Your family members could end up not talking to each other," he says.

7. The court gets to help run your family finances.
Wills usually confer specific powers, such as the ability to sell real estate or to operate a business. "If all of that isn't in a will, a lot of those things can't be done without going to court," says Deborah Pechet Quinan, director of estate and financial-planning services at State Street Global Advisors, Boston. In addition to being a pain in the neck, such court proceedings are also expensive.

6. Your kids' finances will get awfully complicated.
If you die without a will, your spouse will probably be appointed by the court as guardian of any minor children. But in some states, the spouse can't be the guardian of the kids' money or other property, says Stephan R. Leimberg, a Bryn Mawr, Pa., attorney.

"That means my wife would have to go to some other person to use my children's money," he says.

5. Your son will be able to buy a Ferrari.
Once the money is divided according to the state formula and your kids reach legal age, the funds are theirs to use as they see fit. That can lead to some strange scenarios.
Children still living at home may have as much disposable income as the surviving parent. Instead of being used for the mortgage or college tuition, your money could end up buying your son a hot new set of wheels.

4. Your kids may end up paying taxes on the life insurance collected by your sister.
Wills typically specify where the money for estate taxes will come from, and enable the executor to gather assets together to pay those taxes. If you die without a will, the state steps in with its own formula, allocating the taxes proportionately to the assets inherited. But implementing that formula can be tough, says Michael J. Puzo, a partner at the Boston law firm of Hemenway & Barnes. Some assets, such as life-insurance and retirement-plan benefits, aren't governed by wills. Nonetheless, they are part of an estate 
and, thus, subject to estate taxes. This means a court-appointed administrator may have to get money back from a beneficiary to pay taxes.

"The administrator has the right to go chase people," Mr. Puzo says. "But good luck."

He noted one case in which a child decided not to pay her share of the estate tax and was taken to court. An administrator, however, may find that it's actually cheaper to simply pay the tax than to incur the cost of filing suit to recover.

3. Your soon-to-be ex-son-in-law will get a big chunk of your assets.

Without estate planning, your children will inherit their share of your assets outright rather than through a trust."As such, the heirs' assets aren't protected," says New York attorney Martin M. Shenkman. That means creditors can get at your daughter's inheritance, and unless your daughter is careful to keep those assets separate, so can her husband if they later divorce.

2. Your neediest child gets shortchanged.
Say you die, leaving behind two children -- a 35-year-old plastic surgeon with a big bank account and a 17-year-old just about to enter college. Even though one clearly has a greater need, the resources are still divided in equal shares, Mr. Leimberg says. But that equal but inequitable division could leave your 17-year-old without enough to pay tuition, he says.

And the No. 1 Terrible Thing That Could Happen If You Don't Have a 
Will is....


1. Your final message is: 'I Don't Care.'
One of the last things your family may remember about you is how your estate is settled. Leave behind a mess that causes people to end up with either nothing or the wrong stuff, and feelings will be bruised.

"When you don't do a will," says Mr. Leimberg, the Bryn Mawr attorney, "the message is, 'You weren't worth the trouble.' "


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